什么是动词原形

什么是动词原形

与助动词或情态动词do, does, did, shall, will, should, would, may, might, have to, must, need, ought to等一起构成谓语的动词时，要用原形。在现行的初中英语教材中，大致有以下十种情况使用动词原形：Do you like English? 你喜欢英语吗？May I use your telephone? 我可以用你的电话吗？We must study hard and make progress every day. 我们必须好好学习，天天向上。Shall we tell her to wait? 我们要不要告诉她等一下？2.祈使句的谓语动词，要用原形。如：Close the door behind you, please. 请随手关上门。Don't make a noise. 别吵闹。Let's live in peace and friendship. 让我们生活在和平和友谊之中。3.感官动词look at, see, watch, notice, listen to, hear, feel等的宾语与其补足语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，表示动作的最后结果或全过程时，作宾语补足语的动词要用原形。但改成被动语态要带to。如：I saw the train come into the station. 我看见火车进站了。I heard a letter drop.(A letter was heard to drop.) 我听到信掉了下去。4.使役动词let, have, make后的宾语与作宾语补足语的动词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，这个动词要用原形。但改成被动语态要带to；let后的动词可不带to, 如：He let Jack lead the way. 他让杰克在前面带路。Have him send the letter. 叫他把信送去。His jokes made us all laugh. 他的笑话使我们都大笑起来。Everyone must be made to know nobody should break the law.应使每个人都知道，谁也不得违法。5.两个以上的并列不定式用and或or连接起来，第二个不定式常省去to。如：Let's go and play football.我们去踢球。It is fun to jump into pool or go swimming in a river in summer.在夏天跳进游泳池或江河里去游泳是很有趣的。6.在why not…和why…句型中，not和why后直接跟动词原形，构成反问，表示“建议、劝告、责备或提醒”等。如：Why not use my bicycle? 为什么不用我的自行车呢？Why waste so much money? 为什么要浪费那么多钱呢？7.动词help后是复合宾语，其宾语补足语由动词充当时，这个动词前带to或不带to都可，但在被动语态中必须带to。如：She helped me (to) clean the room.(I was helped to clean the room byher.)他帮我打扫房间。8. do ,does[1] ,did与动词原形连用，以加强语气，不但可以用在祈使句中，而且也可用在一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定陈述句中。如：Do be careful! 一定要当心！She does look nice today. 她今天看起来的确漂亮。I did think he was wrong. 我的确认为他错了。9.不定式作介词but和except的宾语，当其前有实意动词do时，后面的动词不定式要省略to。如：Jack had nothing to do but/except watch TV. 杰克除了看电视外无事可做。10.在一些固定的句型中，如had better（最好），would rather （宁愿），would rather…than…（宁愿…而不）等后面的动词要用原形。如：You had better have a good rest. 你最好好好休息一下。He would rather go to work by bike. 他宁愿骑自行车去上班。As a revolutionary,he would rather die with his head high than live with his knees bent. 作为革命者，他宁愿昂首而死，而不愿屈膝求生。